Quelle: (Nielsen 93).

Summary of the usability methods

Method
Name
Lifecycle Stage Users
Needed
Main Advantage Main Disadvantage
Heuristic evaluation Early design, "inner cycle" of iterative design None Finds individual usability problems. Can address expert user issues. Does not involve real users, so does not find "suprises" relating to theier needs.
Performance measures Competitive analysis, final testing At least 10 Hard numbers. Results easy to compare. Does not find individual usability problems.
Thinking aloud Iterative design, formative evaluation 3-5 Pinpoints user misconceptions. Cheap test. Unnatural for users. Hard for expert users to verbalize.
Observation Task analysis, follow-up studies 3 or more Ecological validity; reveals userīs real tasks. Suggests functions and features. Appointments hard to set up. No experimenter control.
Questionnaires Task analysis, follow-up studies At least 30 Finds subjective user preferences. Easy to repeat. Pilot work needed (to prevent misunderstandings).
Interviews Task analysis 5 Flexible, in-depth attitude and experience probing. Time consuming. Hard to analyze and compare.
Focus groups Task analysis, user involvement 6-9 per group Spontaneous reactions and group dynamics. Hard to analyze. Low validity.
Logging actual use Final testing, follow-up studies At least 20 Finds highly used (or unused) features. Can run continuously. Analysis programs needed for huge mass of data. Violation of usersīprivacy.
User feedback Follow-up studies Hundreds Tracks changes in user requirements and views. Special organisation needed to handle replies.